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reconciliation at a tense juncture in race relations, but many Aboriginal leaders said they were being asked to compromise for the sake of 'progress'. They felt that to 'swallow their pain' and remain silent in the face of continuing provocation would be a kind of collective betrayal.
The Prime Minister John Howard arrived at the convention with a warning: the government intended to advance with curbs on Aboriginal claims. When he rose to give his main address much of the audience stood, too. Then many quietly turned their backs. It was an extraordinary moment. The Premier, clearly insulted, said that if they would not do business with him they would face a far more hostile future in the form of the

extremist White Australia parties. Clearly the early steps towards reconciliation have yet to be taken.
The aspiration of the meeting was laudable, but dialogue was impossible. Many Aboriginal people felt they were merely dealing with the ingrained hatreds that had rationalised their dispossession for generations. Since so little has been done to acknowledge the genocidal effects of colonial policy, many feel they must at least bear witness to it. The Premier asked how was he personally or white Australia in general to be held responsible for the actions of previous generations?
In New Zealand the recognition of diverse histories is more advanced. Here the British signed their one treaty with an

indigenous people. When the Treaty of Waitangi was drawn up over 150 years ago many Maoris felt it conceded too much but the framework it established is proving useful today. In the revival of Maori consciousness, this neglected treaty has become a crucial reference point, like an impromptu constitution.
As more Maoris asserted the injustice of their losses, a tribunal was set up to hear how the Treaty of Waitangi has been broken. At Tribunal hearings in the Kaipara district, the good-humoured approach of either side was remarkable. In each community there was a shared understanding that both Maori and Europeans seek to settle the historical score. Russell Kemp, a Maori leader in Kaipara, set the
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